1. History of trauma; 2.Shortening of the lower limb, deformity and bony crepitu. 3.X ray scan can confirm the diagnosis, type and condition of fracture.

Each femoral shaft fracture case is classified into one of three types (Upper 1/3, Middle 1/3 and Lower 1/3)

Treatment: manipulative reduction skills of TCM, external splint fixation, or manipulative closed reduction plus percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation with Chinese medicine should be considered if necessary

1 Reduction Method:

Manipulative reduction skills of TCM are suitable for transverse fracture and oblique fracture. See the manipulative reduction guidelines of TCM in details.

2 Fixation Method: external splint should be used to stabilize the wounded limb.

3 Manipulative closed reduction plus elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). After operation, external splint should be used to stabilize the wounded limb. Then, withdraw the internal fixator after the recovery of fracture.

Rehabilitation: Patient should be guided by professionals to do rehabilitative exercise. Modulated medium frequency electrotherapy, infrared therapy and TCM could be selected to assist the rehabilitative exercise according to the different stage.